Abstract
Aim: To review the literature relating to the treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Method: Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Embase. Reference lists were also checked for additional relevant articles. Results: The 5-HT3 antagonists are popular because they are well tolerated. Droperidol is commonly used but dose has been an important issue given its dose-dependent adverse effect profile. Metoclopramide is commonly used but with many disappointing results in formal trials. Transdermal hyoscine may have a promising future in the prophylaxis of PONV. Dexamethasone and clonidine are relatively new agents used for PONV but are promising. Midazolam may be useful in the treatment of protracted, resistant PONV. Conclusion: Further study of many of these drugs is required, especially with regard to their use in the treatment of established PONV. (author abstract)
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