Abstract
Water plays an essential role in production and refining processes. Many industries that use petrochemicals also require water, especially for cleaning purposes. The wastewaters released by these processes are often rich in petroleum pollutants, which requires significant treatment prior to disposal. The presence of petroleum contaminants in rivers and oceans is a significant threat to human health, as well as to many animal species. A current challenge for most industries and conventional effluent treatment plants is compliance with accepted disposal standards for oil-polluted wastewater. Of particular importance is the processing of dispersed oil in water, as well as oil in water emulsion. Conventional oil and water separation methods for processing oil in water contamination have several technology gaps in terms of applicability and efficiency. The removal and effective processing of dispersed oil and emulsions from oily wastewater is a costly and significant problem. The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the principles associated with oil in water emulsion separation, with the aim of providing a more definitive understanding of the terminology, processes, and methodologies, which will assist the development of a more efficient, innovative and environmentally friendly process for the separation of oily wastewater.
Highlights
Due to global population growth and increased industrialization over the past 100 years, clean water has become one of the scarcest natural resources on the planet
Emulsions are defined as liquid–liquid colloidal systems with droplet size distribution (DSD) of less than 20 um [57], where colloidal systems are defined as a multiphase heterogeneous system, in which at least one of the phases exists in the form of droplets or solid particles [24]
The process of droplet electrically neutral surface charge and is explained in moreand detailconsists below. of the following distinct parts around the droplet or particle, which is depicted in 3 and described below: The electric double layer (EDL) is electrically neutral and consists of the following distinct parts around the droplet or particle, which is depicted in Figure and described below: Surface charge: As a result of the large surface area associated with emulsion droplets, charge: As a result of the large surface area associated with emulsion droptheySurface adsorb ions from the surrounding medium
Summary
Due to global population growth and increased industrialization over the past 100 years, clean water has become one of the scarcest natural resources on the planet. According to Ober et al, the environment and various industries and sectors, including tourism, depend on the appropriate quality of water resources and even more so on recycled water [16,17]. Within this context, the processing and treatment of oil pollutants in water is of crucial importance. This paper describes the fundamental principles and processes associated with the removal of oil pollution from water.
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