Abstract
An osteological study and a taxonomic diagnosis are presented for the mesopelagic, oviparous ophidioid fish genus Brotulataenia. Its relationships are probably with a large group of benthic deep-sea oviparous genera. Brotulataenia has been known previously from three North Atlantic specimens assigned to two species. The present study is based on 33 specimens from the North and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Indian Ocean, and placed in four species, two of which are described as new. Two species are excessively elongate and are interpreted as being derived forms; they are lighter in color than are the two short-bodied species and may live higher in the water column.
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