Abstract
Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus M. haemominutum", and "Candidatus M. turicensis" infections have been identified. These species have also been found in free-ranging and captive neotropical felid species. Two canine hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemocanis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum", have been identified in dogs. In commercial swine populations, Mycoplasma suis was found to be highly prevalent, especially in sows. Moreover, novel mycoplasma species have been identified in Brazilian commercial pigs and domestic dogs. A hemoplasma infection in a human patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also recently documented. In conclusion, hemoplasma species are common and important infectious agents in Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to better understand their impact on pets, production animals, and wildlife fauna, as well as their role as zoonotic agents, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Highlights
Hemoplasmas are obligate erythrocyte bacteria that infect a wide range of mammalian species and may induce anemia in an infected host
Our goal in this review is to summarize all recent molecular studies that characterize the occurrence of hemoplasmas in Brazil (Table 1, Figure 1)
Since most of the hemotrophic mycoplasmas have been reported in Brazilian domestic animals, hemoplasmas are likely to be present in ruminants
Summary
Alexander Welker Biondo1,8*; Andrea Pires dos Santos; Ana Marcia Sá Guimarães; Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira; Odilon Vidotto; Daniel de Barros Macieira; Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny; Marcelo Beltrão Molento; Jorge Timenetsky; Helio Autran de Morais; Félix Hilário Diáz González; Joanne Belle Messick
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