A Review of the Measurement Method, Analysis and Implementation Policy of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation

Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob,Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri,Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid,Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud

doi:10.3390/su12145873

Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob, Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145873

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Journal: Sustainability	Publication Date: Jul 21, 2020
Citations: 43	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: National University of Malaysia

Abstract

This paper presents a review of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation in an attempt to establish a quick and suboptimal update of the methods used to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions from transportation. Transportation is the largest contributor to air pollution through the release of high amounts of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The methods for calculating and analyzing the carbon footprint of transportation; which is of critical importance in the management of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming; are still being developed. However; there are some differences in the definitions and methods used to calculate the carbon footprint of transportation in previous studies. This review focuses on the similarities of the methods used to measure CO2 emissions as well as the analyses used to evaluate the emissions. This paper will also highlight the advantages and limitations of each research work. By doing this; the present study contributes to the selection of appropriate methods for calculating CO2 emissions from transportation and draws attention to environmental issues. It is hoped that the implementation of the most appropriate framework will help to reduce CO2 emissions from transportation

Highlights

Economic activities and development projects are essential in the pursuit of the modernization of a country and improvements of the standard of living of the population of a country
The fuel consumption of vehicles increases with every 100 kg increase in their weight; this results in a 6.5% and 7.1% increase in CO2 emissions by petrol and diesel-powered vehicles, respectively
This study aims to gain a better understanding of the measurement methods of CO2 emissions, because the selection of measurements is an important factor for determining the types of data used in a study and implementing the systematic analysis of CO2 emissions from transportation; the measured CO2 emissions are compared based on seven parameters, namely classification, data gathering methods, output, cost, time and accuracy

Summary

Introduction

Economic activities and development projects are essential in the pursuit of the modernization of a country and improvements of the standard of living of the population of a country. The environmental problems caused by the implementation of these economic activities and development projects are often ignored. Rapid expansion and development have caused numerous adverse environmental impacts. In consequence, this has an adverse impact on human health, the national economy and natural resources. Pollution is the process of introducing objects or substances into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities which in consequence disturb and threaten the natural environment. The Environment Quality Act [1] states that pollution is a direct or indirect change to the physical, chemical, biological or radiation levels of any part of the environment through the liberation, removal or disposal of wastes, which could have a potentially hazardous or dangerous effect on the health, safety or welfare of the public and other organisms, such as plants and animals

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