Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are generally considered to be the most reliable components of PV systems. The PV module has a high probability of being able to perform adequately for 30 years under typical operating conditions. In order to evaluate the long-term performance of a PV module under diversified terrestrial conditions, outdoor-performance data should be used. However, this requires a wait of 25 years to determine the module reliability, which is highly undesirable. Thus, accelerated-stress tests performed in the laboratory by mimicking different field conditions are important for understanding the performance of a PV module. In this paper, we discuss PV-module degradation types and different accelerated-stress types that are used to evaluate the PV-module reliability and durability for life expectancy before using them in the real field. Finally, prevention and correction measures are described to minimize economic losses.
Highlights
Renewable energy accounts for a significant and growing share of energy generation worldwide
Color changes are typically caused by deprivation in the packaging unit, Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or the glue sandwiched between the photovoltaic cells and glass
This material is designed to absorb the UV light into the EVA to block it from the PV module; it has a greater degradation because of the large amount of UV absorption
Summary
Renewable energy accounts for a significant and growing share of energy generation worldwide. If any of the PV-module components are replaced or removed from the field environment before its warranty period because of any type of failure and the power drops, those types of failures are called hard failures Degradation losses are those that occur when the performance of the PV module degrades but still meets the warranty requirements [27]. In order to predict the lifetime of a solar module, it is necessary to analyze the major failure modes of the PV module It is difficult for the manufacturer and stockholders to wait and observe failure and degradation losses before introducing new PV. We discuss different types of degradation, accelerated-stress tests, levels, and prioritization to expand the life expectancy of the PV module by means of IEC 61215
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