A Review of the Commercially Available ECG Detection and Transmission Systems-The Fuzzy Logic Approach in the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Arrest.

Michał Lewandowski

doi:10.3390/mi12121489

Abstract

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) constitutes a major clinical and public health problem, whose death burden is comparable to the current worldwide pandemic. This comprehensive review encompasses the following topics: available rescue systems, wearable electrocardiograms (ECG), detection and transmission technology, and a newly developed fuzzy logic algorithm (FA) for heart rhythm classification which is state-of-the art in the field of SCD prevention. Project “PROTECTOR”, the Polish Rapid Transtelephonic ECG to Obtain Resuscitation for development of a rapid rescue system for patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), is presented. If a lethal arrhythmia is detected on the basis of FA, the system produces an alarm signal audible for bystanders and transmits the alarm message along with location to the emergency medical center. Phone guided resuscitation can be started immediately because an automated external defibrillator (AED) localization map is available. An automatic, very fast diagnosis is a unique feature of the PROTECTOR prototype. The rapid detection of SCA is based on a processor characterized by 100% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity (as measured in the pilot studies). An integrated circuit which implements FA has already been designed and a diagnosis is made within few seconds, which is extremely important in ischemic brain damage prophylaxis. This circuit could be implemented in smart implants (Sis).

Highlights

IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Our studies evaluated the diagnostic value of the fuzzy logic algorithm (FA) 1.0 and found it effective in recognition of supraventricular (SVT) and ventricular arrhythmias in the patients with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD)
This paper is a comprehensive review of Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) management, wearable ECG systems, arrhythmia detection, and some technological developments in telemedicine

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major clinical and public health problem. It remains one of the greatest challenges in cardiology and medicine, being one of the most terrifying situations in everyday life and clinical practice. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and SCD refer to the sudden cessation of cardiac activity with hemodynamic collapse. The term SCA relates to a situation when an intervention (e.g., defibrillation) or spontaneous reversion restores circulation. The use of the term “SCD” to describe both fatal and nonfatal cardiac arrest persists by convention

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