Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers that has the highest mortality rate. Endometrioid ovarian cancer, a distinct subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, is associated with endometriosis and Lynch syndrome, and is often accompanied by synchronous endometrial carcinoma. In recent years, dysbiosis of the microbiota within the female reproductive tract has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, with some specific pathogens exhibiting oncogenic having been found to contribute to cancer development. It has been shown that dysregulation of the microenvironment and accumulation of mutations are stimulatory factors in the progression of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. This would be a potential therapeutic target in the future. Simultaneously, multiple studies have demonstrated the role of four molecular subtypes of endometrioid ovarian cancer, which are of particular importance in the prediction of prognosis. This literature review aims to compile the potential mechanisms of endometrioid ovarian cancer, molecular characteristics, and molecular pathological types that could potentially play a role in the prediction of prognosis, and the novel therapeutic strategies, providing some guidance for the stratified management of ovarian cancer.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a global public health issue and threat to women’s health
This review introduces the origin, molecular characteristic, molecular classification, treatment and potential therapeutic strategies of Endometrioid ovarian cancer (EOVC) and further explores factors influencing treatment choice and prognosis
A study investigating CTNNB1, a gene encoding b-Catenin protein, which participates in the Wnt signaling pathway, in EOVC patients showed that the rate of mutation is higher compared with that in endometrial carcinoma (EEC) patients, and is associated with excellent clinical outcomes [69]
Summary
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a global public health issue and threat to women’s health. According to the Global Cancer Statistics, which includes data of 36 cancers from 185 countries, nearly 300,000 new cases of OC were diagnosed worldwide in 2018 and 184,799 women died of OC in the same year [1]. Some patients with EOVC still have a poor prognosis, and the proposed molecular classification may aid in providing an accurate prediction of the prognosis of patients with early-stage or low-grade EOVC, so as to better guide the clinical individualized treatment.
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