Abstract
This review presents an analysis and discussion about heat transfer phenomena during quenching solid steel from high temperatures. It is shown a description of the boiling curve and the most used methods to characterize heat transfer when using liquid quenchants. The present work points out and criticizes important aspects that are frequently poorly attended in the technical literature about determination and use of the boiling curve and/or the respective heat transfer coefficient for modeling solid phase transformations in metals. Points to review include: effect of initial workpiece temperature on the boiling curve, fluid velocity specification to correlate with heat flux, and the importance of coupling between heat conduction in the workpiece and convection boiling to determine the wall heat flux. Finally, research opportunities in this field are suggested to improve current knowledge and extend quenching modeling accuracy to complex workpieces.
Highlights
Steel heat treatment has evolved from being an ancestral craft to a sophisticated technology that responds to a higher demand of a wide variety of products with increasingly strict quality standards
Before presenting the effect of liquid velocity and wall temperature it is useful to recall the connection between the heat transfer coefficient, h, and the boiling curve, which is given by the Newton convection equation expressed as, q = h T f − Tw where q is the heat flux at the wall, as defined previously and Tf is the bulk liquid temperature
Thermophysical properties of alloys and quenchant liquids, mechanical properties of phases and microconstituents that are present in solid alloys, and a full data set of empirical parameters for phase transformation kinetic models would be enough to feed computerized models of heat transfer phenomena, phase transformation kinetics and mechanical behavior to predict the resulting microstructure and properties distribution in any workpiece subjected to a specific heat treatment
Summary
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Saltillo, Industria Metalúrgica # 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe 25900, Mexico
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