Abstract
The phenomenon of beam breakup was first observed around 1957 by the then principal industrial fabricators of microwave electron accelerators. Its effect may be described as a progressive shortening of the output beam pulse compared to the injected pulse length with increasing beam current and with the pulse length reduction occurring from the later end of the pulse forward. This paper reviews the research which beam breakup has undergone over the intervening years and summarizes the various attempts made by different scientists and accelerator facilities to explain a mechanism capable of preventing a moderately high energy beam from transmitting the waveguide. It discusses the theoretical and technological investigations into the HEM-II mode and the higher order modes in disk-loaded guides as well as benchmark advances made at accelerators such as the linac at SLAC and the Kharkov machine.
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