A review of temporal video error concealment techniques and their suitability for HEVC and VVC

Abstract

Despite of the recent progresses in reliable and high bandwidth communication, packet loss is still probable and needs special attention in real-time video streaming applications. Congestion and bit error rate, which sometimes are more than the protection capability of the channel codes, are the sources of packet loss in video communication. One common approach to deal with video packet loss is to use error concealment techniques, which estimate the non-received data as close as possible to the actual data. This article reviews the temporal video error concealment methods that have been developed over the past 30 years. The techniques are categorized into 8 groups, and the methods are covered with enough details. The strengths and weaknesses of the 8 groups are also tabulated, and some suggestions for future work and open areas for research are provided.