Abstract
The movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) is a low-frequency negative shift in the electroencephalography (EEG) recording that takes place about 2 seconds prior to voluntary movement production. MRCP replicates the cortical processes employed in planning and preparation of movement. In this study, we recapitulate the features such as signal's acquisition, processing, and enhancement and different electrode montages used for EEG data recoding from different studies that used MRCPs to predict the upcoming real or imaginary movement. An authentic identification of human movement intention, accompanying the knowledge of the limb engaged in the performance and its direction of movement, has a potential implication in the control of external devices. This information could be helpful in development of a proficient patient-driven rehabilitation tool based on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Such a BCI paradigm with shorter response time appears more natural to the amputees and can also induce plasticity in brain. Along with different training schedules, this can lead to restoration of motor control in stroke patients.
Highlights
The idea of predicting the motor tasks was initially presented by Helmholtz in 1867
They found that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations (rTMS) of the left PMd resulted in variation of terminal contingent negative variation (CNV) but not late BP while rTMS of the supplementary motor areas (SMAs) proper resulted in a modification of late BP but not terminal CNV
Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have primarily been used for control and communication purposes [4]; in recent years its prospective in neurorehabilitation has been studied such as functional electrical stimulation [6]
Summary
The idea of predicting the motor tasks was initially presented by Helmholtz in 1867. Later on, in the fifties Sperry and Von Holst expressed that motor commands make an internal replica which uncovers the anticipated movement and its subsequent sensations [1,2,3]. Studies have shown that EEG comprises enough real-time information to be utilized for different purposes/tasks such as internet browsing, controlling environment (e.g., light, television, and temperature), word processing, controlling a two-dimensional cursor movement on screen, or even operating neuroprosthesis [4]. The concept of “premovement” or “before the movement” indicates the time when no muscle movement is evident or is unrelated if it occurs, but the subject is fully familiar with the action he is going to perform in the near future. This is referred to as planning/preparation of the movements. In the Conclusion, we recapitulate the key ideas with the hope to bring more consideration to the affluence of premovement and premotor imagery EEG
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