Abstract
Designing synthetic-aperture radar image formation systems can be challenging due to the numerous options of algorithms and devices that can be used. There are many SAR image formation algorithms, such as backprojection, matched-filter, polar format, Range–Doppler and chirp scaling algorithms. Each algorithm presents its own advantages and disadvantages considering efficiency and image quality; thus, we aim to introduce some of the most common SAR image formation algorithms and compare them based on these two aspects. Depending on the requisites of each individual system and implementation, there are many device options to choose from, for instance, FPGAs, GPUs, CPUs, many-core CPUs, and microcontrollers. We present a review of the state of the art of SAR imaging systems implementations. We also compare such implementations in terms of power consumption, execution time, and image quality for the different algorithms used.
Highlights
Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a radar-based technology that is capable of generating images of regions or objects, regardless of time of day or weather conditions
In an attempt to show the influence of precision in SAR algorithms, this section presents the results of testing the PERFECT [33] implementation of the Backprojection algorithm with variables in singleprecision only and the original implementation of the algorithm where most of the variables are in double-precision, including intermediary calculations, except the phase history and final image
This review presented an introduction to the topic of SAR, including SAR functioning, different types of SAR, namely stripmap, spotlight and circular SAR, some of the most used
Summary
Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a radar-based technology that is capable of generating images of regions or objects, regardless of time of day or weather conditions. Highly customized hardware accelerators based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology have proposed implementations of systems that achieve better power efficiency than general purpose central processing units (CPUs) [2]. This is of most relevance when considering that these systems are powered by batteries and that the total payload weight is very limited. A state of the art overview and a comparison regarding SAR imaging systems are carried out and compared considering device choices, FPGAs, graphical processing units (GPUs) or CPUs, execution time, image quality and power consumption
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