Abstract
While there has been a slew of review studies on suicide measurement tools until now, there were not any reviews focusing on suicide assessment tools available in Korea. This review aimed to examine the psychometric properties of tools developed in Korea or the translated versions from the original tools in their foreign language and to identify potential improvements and supplements for these tools. A literature search was done using the Korean academic information search service, Research Information Service System, to identify the suicide measures to be included in this review. s were screened to identify which measures were used to assess suicide-related factors. Based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 tools remained and we assessed their psychometric properties. The current review indicated several major findings. First, many of the tools did not report predictive validity and even those with predictive validity were based on past suicide attempts. Second, some of the tools overlooked the interactive component for the cause of suicide. In addition, information to supplement the self-reported and clinician-administered reports by collecting reports from the subjects' families and acquaintances is needed. It is also important to develop a screening tool that examines other aspects of an individual's personal life, including unemployment, bereavement, divorce, and childhood trauma. Moreover, tools that have been studied in more diverse groups of the population are needed to increase external validity. Finally, the linguistic translation of the tools into Korean needs to consider other cultural, social, and psychological factors of the sample of interest.
Highlights
The overall suicide rate in South Korea began to rise in 1992
The 18 measures that were included in this review were: Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Screening for Depression and Thoughts of Suicide, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR), Suicide Risk Screening Scale for Incarcerated Offenders (SRSSIO), Suicidal Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ), Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale, Suicide Risk Scale for Medical Inpatients, Korean Geriatric Suicidal Risk Scale, Suicidal Dangerousness Scale for Military Soldiers, Reason For Living (RFL), Reasons for Living for Young Adults (RFL-YA), College Student Reasons for Living Inventory (CSRLI), Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (RFL-A), Measurement of Suicidal Protection, and Suicide Resilience Inventory (SRI) (Table 1)
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) This is a scale developed by Posner et al [30]
Summary
The overall suicide rate in South Korea began to rise in 1992. The trend was accelerated in 1998 when the International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis occurred, and again in 2009, just after the global financial crisis. According to the results of an epidemiological survey of mental illness, 3.2% of people showed lifetime suicide attempts, and 1.1% had attempted suicide more than once [2] In this regard, it can be said that it is nationally important to appropriately assess suicide risk and the value of the tool treatment professionals have at hand. Suicide risk groups are usually screened this way, and experts interview the subjects in order to determine the severity of their suicidal ideation In this case, the risk of suicide is predicted by excluding the intervention of each expert’s ability or the expert’s subjective judgment as much as possible, and by using a structured interview tool for efficiency
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