Abstract
“Physical Mechanisms of Noise Generation by Breaking Waves—A Laboratory Study” was published over 35 years ago by Mike Banner and Doug Cato. This seminal work describes a laboratory experiment demonstrating that the dominant source of breaking wave noise above a few hundred Hz is associated with the formation of bubbles and coalescing or splitting bubbles. This observation opened the door to explaining the properties of ambient sound under wind-driven seas and remotely monitoring air entrainment by breaking waves. Progress on these topics since Banner and Catos’ experiment will be reviewed and outstanding issues discussed. [Work supported by the US Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics program (Grant No. N00014-21-1-2316).]
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