A review of solar photovoltaic incentives and Policy: Selected countries and Turkey

Abstract

• The current status of PV systems in the world, has been analyzed. • Incentives and policies commonly applied in PV systems were evaluated. • The incentive and policies of the countries have been examined and compared. • Incentives and policies implemented in Turkey have been analyzed in detail. • The current policies implemented in Turkey have been analyzed and compared with other countries. Increasing energy consumption, the rapid depletion of traditional resources, and the damage they cause to the environment direct countries to meet the needs with appropriate and environmentally friendly methods. Solar photovoltaic systems are also the most suitable energy generation systems for these needs. In this context, interest in solar systems is increasing day by day and solar system installations are becoming widespread. However, the diffusion rate varies according to the incentives and policies implemented by the countries. Because solar systems can be considered the new and incentives-policies act as a catalyst in the spread of this energy type. Therefore, countries need to determine appropriate policies. FIT (Feed-In-Tariff), NEM (Net metering), portfolio standards, project and tendering applications, tax exemptions, R&D incentives, micro-generation network incentives are the leading policies implemented by countries in solar systems. The most used incentive method is FIT and NEM. In addition, roof-Top system incentives have been frequently applied in recent years. Countries have implemented one or more of these supports according to their renewable energy targets and achieved different results . In this study, which was created in this context, the incentive systems applied to PV systems were examined, the incentives and policies they applied were analyzed by selecting countries from Europe, America, Asia, South America, and Africa. In addition, the current PV situation and potential of Turkey have been examined, and the incentives and policies applied to PV systems have been analyzed comparatively with other countries. The focus of this study is Turkey and the improvements that can be made in the field of incentives and policies in Turkey are analyzed in this study.