Abstract
A comprehensive survey of the reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) is made in this paper. Beam-steering and unique radiating features of LWA are highlighted particularly. Therefore, the radiation mechanism of different types of LWA, including uniform, quasi-uniform, periodic, and metamaterial LWAs are discussed in detail. The guiding structures for realizing LWAs, namely microstrip, waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), and half-mode SIW (HMSIW) are investigated as well. Basic concepts of electronic beam-scanning LWAs are also introduced, and several state-of-the-art reconfigurable LWAs are studied thoroughly. The investigated reconfigurable LWAs are suitable for beam-scanning applications due to their compactness, ease of implementation, reasonably high gain, and relatively wide beam-scanning range, as will be demonstrated through this comprehensive review.
Highlights
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are among the beamscanning antennas
A large body of research has been carried out on LWAs since the 1950s [1]. The radiation of these antennas occurs through the leakage of a travelling wave propagating through a guiding structure [1]−[5], they are labelled “leaky-wave antenna”
Microstrip and waveguide are the primary choices as the guiding structures for realizing the LWAs
Summary
A large body of research has been carried out on LWAs since the 1950s [1] The radiation of these antennas occurs through the leakage of a travelling wave propagating through a guiding structure [1]−[5], they are labelled “leaky-wave antenna”. Microstrip and waveguide are the primary choices as the guiding structures for realizing the LWAs. Microstrip-based LWA suffers from high dielectric loss [1]−[5]. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) was introduced as a suitable candidate for the realization of miniaturized applications [5]−[9]. The advantages of SIW technology, such as ease of fabrication and compact size [5]−[9], lead to broad applications in microwave circuits and antennas.
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