Abstract
With the depletion of many commercial fish stocks and an increasing demand for marine protein for human consumption, cephalopods have become more important as a fishery resource. In EU waters, cephalopod stocks are not routinely assessed and exploitation of these species by large-scale fisheries is largely unregulated. For sustainable exploitation, adequate assessment and scientifically-supported management strategies are needed. However, there is still a lack of data on stock status and inadequate knowledge of the life history and ecology of these species. The present review examined more than 200 scientific articles, on life history and ecology of European cephalopods, published since 2013. It describes recent contributions to knowledge in the context of previously identified research priorities, along with recent advances towards sustainable fishing and aquaculture. It also identifies outstanding knowledge gaps. While some priority areas, such as the development of the species identification guides and evaluation of climate change impacts on cephalopods, have seen significant advances, other challenges remain for the future. These include monitoring of the life history traits and fishery status for the main commercially exploited species in the area, implementation of improved species identification methods during scientific surveys and fisheries monitoring, development of tools to identify stock units, and the study of the environmental and anthropogenic impacts on the stocks of cephalopods inhabiting European waters.
Highlights
The present review examined more than 200 scientific articles, on life history and ecology of European cephalopods, published since 2013
The following species were chosen for review based on the level of commercial exploitation and their distribution: octopuses – Octopus vulgaris, Eledone cirrhosa, Eledone moschata; cuttlefishes – Sepia officinalis, S. elegans and S. orbignyana; sepiolids – Sepietta oweniana and squids – Loligo vulgaris, Loligo forbesii, Alloteuthis subulata, Alloteuthis media, Illex coindetii, Todarodes sagittatus, Todaropsis eblanae, Ommastrephes caroli1 and Gonatus fabricii
Fishery management and conservation In Europe, the common octopus is mostly targeted by fisheries in Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean waters where cephalopods have long been important for artisanal fisheries
Summary
The veined squid (Loligo forbesii) is another representative of the genus Loligo of significant commercial value in European waters It is less heavily exploited than L. vulgaris, its annual landings may reach more than 20 000 t (Jereb et al, 2015). Steenstrup (1856, 1857) clearly states that he is naming the species after Professor Edward Forbes; the Latinization of Forbes is Forbesius, and the genitive of this is forbesii, and Steenstrup consistently ends the species name –ii throughout the manuscript It is permissible for the describer not to Latinize the name (which would produce the spelling forbesi), the spelling is fixed at the time of description, if the describer (i.e. Steenstrup in this case) con structed the name correctly (see Articles 31–32 of the ICZN), which he. A higher abundance of squid at shallower depths was seen in summer and autumn and squid aggregations were more associated with gravel substrate than with mud
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