Abstract
Three dimensions or three-dimensional or are expressions that characterize the space around us, as perceived by our vision, in terms of width, height and depth. The term 3D is also (and improperly) used to refer to the representation in synthetic (digital) images, the relief of stereoscopic images or other images in relief and sometimes even the simple stereophonic effect, which Can only render 2D (it is therefore only the calculation of the projected projections, the shadows, the renderings of materials). In mathematics, this notion corresponds to Euclidean geometry in space. The space is marked by three orthogonal axes, contrary to the plane composed of two dimensions. Since its origins and long before the appearance of colour, cinema has exploited stereoscopy, mainly through the processes of anaglyphs. During the 1950 s, the Hollywood studios exploited the polarized filter system and then, from the 2000 s onwards, with the adoption of digital formats, the rooms also equipped the electronic principle with alternating shutter (active glasses). Despite some anaglyphic experiments since the 1930 and 1950 s, the commercial success of television became a reality from the end of the 1990 s to a real industrial development from the year 2000. Two principles and devices for Stereoscopic effects are commercialized: Of the active type with electronic bezels or of the passive type with polarized filter goggles. More complex and costly to industrialize in particular with regard to large screens, auto stereoscopy (relief effect without bezel) was introduced with Alioscopy since the late 1990 s, on the lenticular principle. Stereoscopic videoprojection intended for the general public requires electronic active glasses or a special screen (metallised or offering some refraction of light) associated with passive glasses with polarized filters. Three-Dimensional (3D) effects close to sharp corners of a hole in a plate with finite thickness are investigated in the present contribution. The results from detailed finite element model are analyzed to investigate the stress intensity of various fracture modes caused by the presence of a finite thickness. The results expressed in terms of stressed are compared with some recent equations. The comparison between numerical and theoretical results shows a sound agreement.
Highlights
Three dimensions or three-dimensional or 3D are expressions that characterize the space around us, as perceived by our vision, in terms of width, height and depth
The term "3D" is used to refer to the representation in synthetic images, the relief of stereoscopic images or other images in relief and sometimes even the simple stereophonic effect, which Can only render 2D. This notion corresponds to Euclidean geometry in space
Stereoscopic videoprojection intended for the general public requires electronic "active" glasses or a special screen associated with "passive" glasses with polarized filters
Summary
Three dimensions or three-dimensional or 3D are expressions that characterize the space around us, as perceived by our vision, in terms of width, height and depth. The stresses refer to a plane at 0.5 mm far from the lateral surface of the 3d plate It was shown in (Zappalorto and Lazzarin, 2013) that the Equation system (8a-b) is valid even when the displacement field is no longer according to the Kane-Mindlin hypothesis, i.e., Equation 1, but is when given in the following more general form. Various types of parts are produced using this new technique
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More From: American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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