Abstract
Inspired by the superhydrophobic properties of some plants and animals with special structures, such as self-cleaning, water repellent, and drag reduction, the research on the basic theory and practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces is increasing. In this paper, the characteristics of superhydrophobic surfaces and the preparation methods of superhydrophobic surfaces are briefly reviewed. The mechanisms of drag reduction on superhydrophobic surfaces and the effects of parameters such as flow rate, fluid viscosity, wettability, and surface morphology on drag reduction are discussed, as well as the applications of superhydrophobic surfaces in boiling heat transfer and condensation heat transfer. Finally, the limitations of adapting superhydrophobic surfaces to industrial applications are discussed. The possibility of applying superhydrophobic surfaces to highly viscous fluids for heat transfer to reduce flow resistance and improve heat transfer efficiency is introduced as a topic for further research in the future.
Highlights
The wettability of surfaces can be characterized by the contact angle (CA)
Both the micro-nano roughness structures and modification with low surface energy on the surface are the important factors influencing the superhydrophobicity of a surface, while superhydrophobic surface cannot be obtained only modified by low surface energy materials [13]
The process of of fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on metal substrates consists of two steps, firstly the fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on metal substrates consists of two steps, firstly fabrication of micro-nano roughness structures and and thenthen modifying the roughness surfaces the fabrication of micro-nano roughness structures modifying the roughness surwith low surface energy chemical materials
Summary
The wettability of surfaces can be characterized by the contact angle (CA). Generally, the hydrophilic surface has a contact angle below 90◦ , and the contact angles below 10◦. If the superhydrophobic features can be functionalized on various metal surfaces, it will be significant and beneficial in many industrial applications for saving energy and energy storage [9] It can drag reduction, anti-fouling, and enhance heat transfer performance. Σ i where θ e is the average contact angle taken up by the drop on a heterogeneous substrate, ri is the ratio of the non-planar area covered by the material to the total planar area, σ is the interfacial tensions, λ is the line tension, and Z2 is the mean square height of the substrate Both the micro-nano roughness structures and modification with low surface energy on the surface are the important factors influencing the superhydrophobicity of a surface, while superhydrophobic surface cannot be obtained only modified by low surface energy materials [13].
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