Abstract
The patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model is an animal model established by transplanting primary tumors or fresh tumor tissues of patient origin directly into immunodeficient mice, which preserves the heterogeneity and survival microenvironment of the primary tumor and is widely used in preclinical and precision medicine research of tumors. This article reviews the construction of the PDX model of human bladder cancer and the progress of the application of the PDX model in bladder cancer.
Highlights
Open AccessBladder cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur on the bladder mucosa, more than 90% are uroepithelial carcinomas, and the rest are adenocarcinomas, squamous carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, et al Bladder cancer can occur at any age and its incidence increases with age [1], more men than women suffer from it, and smoking is one of its most important risk factors [2], and more than430,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year [3]
The depth of infiltration is one of the most valuable indicators to determine the prognosis of bladder cancer, which can be divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), of which about 75%
We mainly review the construction of the patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model of human bladder cancer and the progress of the application of the PDX model in bladder cancer
Summary
Bladder cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur on the bladder mucosa, more than 90% are uroepithelial carcinomas, and the rest are adenocarcinomas, squamous carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, et al Bladder cancer can occur at any age and its incidence increases with age [1], more men than women suffer from it, and smoking is one of its most important risk factors [2], and more than. The depth of infiltration is one of the most valuable indicators to determine the prognosis of bladder cancer, which can be divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), of which about 75%. Local surgical resection and adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy can have a good treatment effect, 10% - 20% of NMIBC will recur and some will progress to MIBC [5]. For patients with MIBC, treatment consists of radical cystectomy and cisplatin-containing
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