Abstract
Understanding clogging mechanisms in permeable pavements can help optimize the required maintenance regime. In this review paper, methods for investigating clogging mechanisms are described. These include surface infiltration methods, the use of embedded sensors, and the development of modelling tools. Previously conducted surface infiltration tests indicate the importance of the age of a permeable pavement system and also local climatic conditions, including rainfall intensity. The results indicate that porous concrete generally has the highest infiltration capacity and this is followed by permeable interlocking concrete pavement and then porous asphalt. The measured infiltration rates decreased significantly even within two years of installation. There was an indirect relationship between surface infiltration rates and the age of the pavements. It was also found that the rainfall characteristics are important in selecting the type of pavement. Sensor technologies have been used mainly in the United States and there has been a reluctance to use such technologies in other parts of the world. Few studies have been conducted into modelling the changing performance of permeable pavement systems over time and there is a need to develop more general models. Various methods and machinery have been developed for cleaning and maintaining permeable pavements and there is no universally preferred approach currently available. Indeed, several of the commonly used maintenance methods have been shown to be relatively ineffective.
Highlights
Permeable pavement is one of the recommended technologies for both low impact development (LID) in the United States of America (USA) [1,2,3] and water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia [4,5]
LID and WSUD both aim to minimise the effects of urbanization by attenuating runoff peak flows and providing water quality control in order to protect downstream waterbodies, largely through mimicking natural processes [6,7]
A simple method for quick and simple infiltration tests has been developed [22]. This method was compared with ASTM C1701 and the results showed good agreement up to infiltration rates of 250 mm/h
Summary
Permeable pavement is one of the recommended technologies for both low impact development (LID) in the United States of America (USA) [1,2,3] and water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia [4,5]. LID and WSUD both aim to minimise the effects of urbanization by attenuating runoff peak flows and providing water quality control in order to protect downstream waterbodies, largely through mimicking natural processes [6,7]. Permeable pavements systems are able to both mitigate urban runoff [8] and to improve stormwater quality [9,10,11]. In areas with native soils of low infiltration capacity, the addition of underground reservoirs improves the exfiltration performance of the permeable pavement system [13,14]. There are three types of common permeable pavements, namely porous concrete (PC), permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), and porous asphalt (PA) [15,16,17]
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