Abstract

Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) is a nucleobase oligomer in which the whole backbone is mainly replaced by N-(2- aminoethyl) glycine units. PNA is considered as DNA with a neutral peptide backbone due to negative charged sugar–phosphate backbone. It is chemically stable and resistant to hydrolytic cleavage. PNA can be categorized specific sequences of DNA and RNA according to Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding structure. Hybridization process showed high thermal stability and unique ionic strength effects. It is formed a stable PNA/DNA/PNA triplex with a looped-out DNA strand. PNA hybridization technology is promptly developed within in situ hybridization. In our review paper was elaborated the PNA superior hybridization characteristics, importance’s of PNA and major applications of PNA in the diagnostic and pharmaceutical fields. And also PNA could be replaced DNA in uses as a probe for many investigation purposes. PNAs antisense activities have found in nerve cells and even in rats upon injection into the brain, and in Escherichia coli.

Highlights

  • The double helix Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is functioning as storage, recovering and communicating the genetic information’s of a living organism

  • In Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA), a neutral and achiral polyamide backbone has comprised of N-(2-amino-ethyl) glycyl (AEG) units linked by peptide bonds replacing the charged sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA

  • Peptide nucleic acid is a novel class of compound which is applied various applications in the field of biology

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Summary

Introduction

The double helix DNA is functioning as storage, recovering and communicating the genetic information’s of a living organism. PNAs showed several attractive features such as high chemical and thermal stability, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and stable binding to their RNA or DNA targets in a sequence-specific manner. PNA-DNA duplexes have higher thermal stability than that of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybrids because of the PNA are neutral and are commonly appended with positively charged lysine residues to enhance their solubility and binding affinity for nucleic acid targets [7,15].

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