A Review of PCM Energy Storage Technology Used in Buildings for the Global Warming Solution

Abstract

The phase change material (PCM) using in buildings, a significant technology for the global warming solution, has received considerable attention over the last decade. PCM depending on the phase state change can passively store the solar energy or excess heats as latent heat and release the heats to the indoor environment within a specific temperature range, leading to building energy consumption reducing, and indoor thermal comfort enhancing by smoothing indoor temperature fluctuations. They can also be coupled using with active building energy supply systems to increase the system efficiency and shift peak loads. This study has reviewed the state-of-the-art PCM applications in buildings found on the researches and markets. First, PCM classification, PCM thermal properties, PCM study, and selection methods have been introduced. Second, PCM passively used in building envelops, inclusive of PCM wall, PCM roof, PCM floor, PCM concrete, PCM gypsum board, PCM window, and so on, have been detailedly analyzed. Thirdly, PCM coupled with active system, such as PCM and solar energy hot water/air systems, PCM and floor heating system, PCM and GSHP system, and PCM and air condition and ventilation system, etc., have been extendedly reviewed. Lastly, the potential further researched area for PCM used in buildings has also been presented in conclusion.