Abstract
Due to the widespread deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the liberalization of electricity market, traditional distribution networks are undergoing a transition to active distribution systems (ADSs), and the traditional deterministic planning methods have become unsuitable under the high penetration of DERs. Aiming to develop appropriate models and methodologies for the planning of ADSs, the key features of ADS planning problem are analyzed from the different perspectives, such as the allocation of DGs and ESS, coupling of operation and planning, and high-level uncertainties. Based on these analyses, this comprehensive literature review summarizes the latest research and development associated with ADS planning. The planning models and methods proposed in these research works are analyzed and categorized from different perspectives including objectives, decision variables, constraint conditions, and solving algorithms. The key theoretical issues and challenges of ADS planning are extracted and discussed. Meanwhile, emphasis is also given to the suitable suggestions to deal with these abovementioned issues based on the available literature and comparisons between them. Finally, several important research prospects are recommended for further research in ADS planning field, such as planning with multiple micro-grids (MGs), collaborative planning between ADSs and information communication system (ICS), and planning from different perspectives of multi-stakeholders.
Highlights
For the purpose of security of energy supply and sustainability of energy utilization, renewable energy technology has experienced a rapid development all over the world
The results prove that the active managements (AMs) schemes should be properly considered in planning models and will bring several benefits for the planning solutions
This paper presents a timely overview of active distribution systems (ADSs) planning models and methodologies from different perspectives
Summary
For the purpose of security of energy supply and sustainability of energy utilization, renewable energy technology has experienced a rapid development all over the world. Renewable energy sources (RESs) share about 5% and 13% of electricity power supply in the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU), respectively [1]. With the promoting of “20-20-20”, RESs have been greatly developed and advanced in many European countries. In Denmark, for instance, more than 42% of the load demand is supplied by wind power in 2015, where a 100% renewable energy future by 2050 is targeted [2]. Plenty of renewable distributed generations (RDGs), especially distributed photovoltaic (DPVs), and distributed wind generations (DWGs), have been integrated into distribution networks. Due to the natures of intermittent and difficult prediction, RDGs pose new challenges to distribution networks on several fronts, such as planning, design, and operation [3,4]
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