Abstract
We present a review of the electronic and non-electronic optical nonlinearities of nematic liquid crystals (NLC), and recently observed nonlinear optical processes. In both the ordered and isotropic phases, NLCs exhibit large optical nonlinearities with response times ranging from picoseconds to milliseconds. The fundamental principles underlying these nonlinearities, their dynamics and practical application potential are discussed. Comparisons are made with other nonlinear optical materials currently being investigated.
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