Abstract
Background and Objectives: acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly called acute renal failure (ARF), is commonly defined as an abrupt decline in renal function, clinically manifesting as a reversible acute increase in nitrogen waste products—measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels—over the course of hours to weeks. AKI occurs in about 20% of all hospitalized patients and is more common in the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of AKI, and to detect and treat early, since it is known that a prolonged period of kidney injury increases cardiovascular complications and the risk of death. Despite advances in modern medicine, there are no consistent treatment strategies for preventing the progression to chronic kidney disease. Through many studies, the safety and efficacy of natural products have been proven, and based on this, the time and cost required for new drug development can be reduced. In addition, research results on natural products are highly anticipated in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In relation to AKI, many papers have reported that many natural products can prevent and treat AKI. Conclusions: in this paper, the results of studies on natural products related to AKI were found and summarized, and the mechanism by which the efficacy of AKI was demonstrated was reviewed. Many natural products show that AKI can be prevented and treated, suggesting that these natural products can help to develop new drugs. In addition, we may be helpful to elucidate additional mechanisms and meta-analysis in future natural product studies.
Highlights
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decrease in renal function and decreased renal function is characterized by an increase in serum creatinine levels and an abnormal decrease in urine output [1]
It is known that approximately 20% of patients with a history of acute kidney injury (AKI) develop a chronic disease characterized by cardiovascular complications, and increased mortality
AKI is a rapid loss in renal function over a period of hours to days, and a major worldwide health problem
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decrease in renal function and decreased renal function is characterized by an increase in serum creatinine (sCr) levels and an abnormal decrease in urine output [1]. In AKI’s population-based study using the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria, the annual incidence of AKI was 2147 per million people. In another collaborative study, the annual incidence of non-dialysis and dialysis-dependent AKI was 3841 and 244 per million people, respectively [3]. It is known that approximately 20% of patients with a history of AKI develop a chronic disease characterized by cardiovascular complications, and increased mortality. Conclusions: in this paper, the results of studies on natural products related to AKI were found and summarized, and the mechanism by which the efficacy of AKI was demonstrated was reviewed. We may be helpful to elucidate additional mechanisms and meta-analysis in future natural product studies
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