Abstract
Confined space fires are common emergencies in our society. Enclosure size, ventilation, or type and quantity of fuel involved are factors that determine the fire evolution in these situations. In some cases, favourable conditions may give rise to a flashover phenomenon. However, the difficulty of handling this complicated emergency through fire services can have fatal consequences for their staff. Therefore, there is a huge demand for new methods and technologies to tackle this life-threatening emergency. Modelling and simulation techniques have been adopted to conduct research due to the complexity of obtaining a real cases database related to this phenomenon. In this paper, a review of the literature related to the modelling and simulation of enclosure fires with respect to the flashover phenomenon is carried out. Furthermore, the related literature for comparing images from thermal cameras with computed images is reviewed. Finally, the suitability of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for flashover prediction in enclosed spaces is also surveyed.
Highlights
Enclosure or confined fires are situations that firefighters are used to handling
Flashover can occurs in two different scenarios related to the enclosure configuration and it depends on the fire is located inside a structure with constant air supply or not
After evaluating different existing techniques related to fire simulation we have considered to review in this article the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models
Summary
Enclosure or confined fires are situations that firefighters are used to handling The consequences of this type of emergency can involve people and structures. The last International Association of Fire and Rescue Services (CTIF) study [1] suggests that 35% of fires (see Figure 1) located in several cities around the world are structure fires. These kinds of emergencies caused civilian (non-fire service) deaths, civilian fire injuries and property damage. The reported data about this phenomenon in Europe is very poor This is because there is not a common database which involves all European countries and most of the fire services do not document such situations. An example of this is the study carried out by the European Fire Safety
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