Abstract
The conversion of biomass into chemicals and biofuels is an active research area as trends move to replace fossil fuels with renewable resources due to society’s increased concern towards sustainability. In this context, microwave processing has emerged as a tool in organic synthesis and plays an important role in developing a more sustainable world. Integration of processing methods with microwave irradiation has resulted in a great reduction in the time required for many processes, while the reaction efficiencies have been increased markedly. Microwave processing produces a higher yield with a cleaner profile in comparison to other methods. The microwave processing is reported to be a better heating method than the conventional methods due to its unique thermal and non-thermal effects. This paper provides an insight into the theoretical aspects of microwave irradiation practices and highlights the importance of microwave processing. The potential of the microwave technology to accomplish superior outcomes over the conventional methods in biodiesel production is presented. A green process for biodiesel production using a non-catalytic method is still new and very costly because of the supercritical condition requirement. Hence, non-catalytic biodiesel conversion under ambient pressure using microwave technology must be developed, as the energy utilization for microwave-based biodiesel synthesis is reported to be lower and cost-effective.
Highlights
The microwave processing technology has revolutionized organic synthesis, and this technique has gained huge interest as a tool for synthesis and process development
Several reactions that do not occur under conventional heating can be achieved with high yields and better quality under microwave irradiation
The non-thermal effect, is defined as the specific radiation effect that is not caused by different temperature regimes, but is due to the non-thermal interactions between the substrates and microwave irradiation
Summary
The microwave processing technology has revolutionized organic synthesis, and this technique has gained huge interest as a tool for synthesis and process development. With the current renewable energy technology, the amount of renewable electricity generated will not be as large as that produced by the conventional fossil fuels. Any country with rich renewable energy resources and technological advancements will become a low-cost location for energy supplies in a low-carbon world economy. It will make it an economically superior location for energy-intensive processing and manufacturing activity. The application of microwave energy in various fields is mentioned, in biodiesel production, as biodiesel is a renewable fuel in liquid state, which provides advantages over the other renewable energies as most of the industrial areas and transportation use liquid fuel to operate. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a basic understanding regarding microwave energy and microwave-assisted biodiesel production for novice researchers in the biodiesel area
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