Abstract
The Energy Management System (EMS) is an efficient technique to monitor, control and enhance the building performance. In the state-of-the-art, building performance analysis is separated into building simulation and control management: this may cause inaccuracies and extra operating time. Thus, a coherent framework to integrate building physics with various energy technologies and energy control management methods is highly required. This framework should be formed by simplified but accurate models of building physics and building energy technologies, and should allow for the selection of proper control strategies according to the control objectives and scenarios. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mathematical modeling and control strategies to create such a framework. The mathematical models of (i) building physics and (ii) popular building energy technologies (renewable energy systems, common heating and cooling energy systems and energy distribution systems) are first presented. Then, it is shown how the collected mathematical models can be linked. Merging with two frequently used EMS strategies, namely rule-based and model predictive controls, is discussed. This work provides an extendable map to model and control buildings and intends to be a foundation for building researchers, designers and engineers.
Highlights
IntroductionThe building sectors account for around 36% of energy consumption and 39% of carbon emissions of the globe [1]
Published: 18 February 2022The building sectors account for around 36% of energy consumption and 39% of carbon emissions of the globe [1]
The model directly focuses on the relationship between fuel consumption and produced energy, The overall system efficiency is usually used to assess the performance of a Combined Heating and Power (CHP), which is the sum of produced electricity and thermal heat divided by the total fuel energy input [109]
Summary
The building sectors account for around 36% of energy consumption and 39% of carbon emissions of the globe [1]. ’nearly zero-energy building’, some novel technologies, such as renewable energy resources, onsite storage systems and environmentally friendly devices in buildings, have gained more interest [2]. It is shown that a combination of renewable generation and energy storage systems can reduce up to 30% of the annual cost and increase up to 29% of the self-consumption proportion of renewable energy [10]. For example, heat pumps and Combined Heating and Power (CHP)—have been increasingly studied and developed [11,12] These devices can be combined with waterbased energy distribution systems that allow for low-temperature heating [13] and hightemperature cooling [14] to cover the heating and cooling demand of the buildings. This interaction helps to protect the power grid from the risk of power blackouts by reducing the peak-to-average ratio [27]
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