Abstract
This paper is concerned with reviewing the concepts of employee empowerment, work engagement, and workforce performance. A historical overview of employee empowerment is addressed at the beginning to provide the reader with an initial understanding of the concept. Then, work engagement and employee performance concepts are reviewed deeply. Also, the links among employee empowerment, work engagement, and employee (workforce) performance are discussed through theoretical and empirical studies. This study will be useful for both academia and practitioners as to fill the gap of the incomplete causal chains among the three concepts.    
Highlights
Human resources considered as the principal component of any business, plus a key factor to achieve the marketplace successfulness and excellence (Obeidat et al, 2012; Muda et al.,2014)
Vol 12, No 11; 2018 their authority and control on employees (Rehman et al, 2015).This research aims at investigating the literature among employee empowerment influence on sales and marketing workforce performance through the mediating function of work engagement.This is by employing the social exchange theory (SET)
In hotels segment, empowering front-line employees have positive influence to their satisfaction, increase the efficiency of the operations & enhance service provided as several studies have revealed (Melhem, 2004; Ayupp& Chung, 2010; Kim, 2011; Pelitet al., 2011; Al-Ababneh et al, 2017).On the contrary, Shahrilet al.(2013) study did not support suggestions in which higher level of empowerment should result in higher level of job satisfaction through front-line staff in the hospitality industry, but empowerment plays a crucial role in succeeding services, guarantees and motivates the employees
Summary
Human resources considered as the principal component of any business, plus a key factor to achieve the marketplace successfulness and excellence (Obeidat et al, 2012; Muda et al.,2014). Due to intense business competition and immense challenges, employees are under pressure to obtain new skills and to perform a variety of tasks in their workplace (Suliman, 2001; Kateb et al, 2015). Lots of organizations and managers believe that they understand the term of empowerment andare familiar with, while only a few do and still, fewer put it into the exercise in the workplace (Yaghoobi et al, 2011; Rana & Singh, 2016).Some managers do not recognize the significance of the employee empowerment effect on theemployee performancelevel (Elnaga& Imran, 2014), and superiorly believe that empowering subordinates will diminish mas.ccsenet.org. Vol 12, No 11; 2018 their authority and control on employees (Rehman et al, 2015).This research aims at investigating the literature among employee empowerment influence on sales and marketing workforce performance through the mediating function of work engagement.This is by employing the social exchange theory (SET). Based on SET, when the employee is given the authority to make decisions and take action with freedom and independence, they feel sense of obligation to repay the establishment of which they work for, by showing engaged behavior which in parallel affects the level of employee performance at work environment (Saks, 2006; Nawazet al., 2014)
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