Abstract
Survival mechanisms of insects that may be subjected to freeze–thaw processes in cold climates are reviewed with particular reference to soil-dwelling stages of corn rootworms. Diapause in corn rootworms is discussed in relation to their origin from tropical regions and adaptation for survival in colder climates. Cold-hardiness in insects is reviewed and discussed in relation to existing knowledge about cold-hardiness in corn rootworms during postdiapause development. Current knowledge of soil temperature effects on corn rootworm overwinter egg survival is summarized. Overwinter mortality to eggs of corn rootworms from the effects of subfreezing soil temperature varies with depth of egg placement, which varies within the top 30 cm of the soil profile in response to availability of soil moisture and presence of drought cracks as oviposition sites. Implications of spatial variability in corn rootworm populations for research on corn rootworm management are discussed in relation to spatially variable environmental factors.
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