Abstract
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), announced in September 2015, present a vision of achieving a higher level of human health and well-being worldwide by the year 2030. The SDG targets specific to water and sanitation call for more detailed monitoring and response to understand the coverage and quality of safely managed sources. It is hoped that improved monitoring of water and sanitation interventions will reveal more cost-effective and efficient ways of meeting the SDGs. In this paper, we review the landscape of approaches that can be used to support and improve on the water and sanitation targets SDG 6.1, “By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all”, and SDG 6.2, “By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”.
Highlights
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 were announced with fanfare in September 2015
We review the landscape of technologies, methods, and approaches that can support and improve on the water and sanitation indicators proposed for SDG targets 6.1 (“By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all”) and 6.2 (“By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”)
Structure from Motion (SfM) three-dimensional point clouds can be derived from digital images collected on board UAVs, similar to the type of data produced by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology [19]
Summary
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 were announced with fanfare in September 2015. Each government must decide how to incorporate them into national planning processes, policies and strategies based on national realities, capacities, levels of development and priorities Monitoring progress toward this goal will be challenging; current methods of measuring the quality and use of water and sanitation services are either expensive or elusive. Monitoring progress toward them, and associated outcomes, is critical to ensure that available funding is spent wisely over time Against this backdrop emergent technologies, methods, and data-sharing platforms are being used to monitor the impacts of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. High-resolution smart water meters and advanced data analytics allow for a new era of using the continuous “big data” generated by these meter fleets to create an intelligent system for urban water management These technologies can provide more transparency and accountability means from governments when delivering these types of services to the population. Collecting data via cellular phones, with online analytics and dissemination, is an increasingly common feature of water and sanitation programs
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