Abstract
his paper attempts to provide an overview of various protocols used in wireless sensor network which include data dissemination and data gathering protocols .Wireless network is any type of computer network which uses wireless communication between nodes. Wireless network of autonomous sensors is used to monitor physical and environmental conditions like pressure, temperature, air pollution, water quality etc. and pass them through the network to the desired location. Each sensor network has several parts - a radio transceiver with antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with sensors and energy source which is generally a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. Wireless sensor network are having limitation of storage space, computing power and energy. Therefore various protocols are used to design energy efficient wireless network. This paper reviews all hierarchical routing protocols .Energy consumption and network lifespan are primary issues considered in this paper.
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