Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has become a powerful analytical tool for investigating biomolecular interactions. There are several methods to excite surface plasmon, such as coupling with prisms, fiber optics, grating, nanoparticles, etc. The challenge in developing this type of biosensor is to increase its sensitivity. In relation to this, graphene is one of the materials that is widely studied because of its unique properties. In several studies, this material has been proven theoretically and experimentally to increase the sensitivity of SPR. This paper discusses the current development of a graphene-based SPR biosensor for various excitation methods. The discussion begins with a discussion regarding the properties of graphene in general and its use in biosensors. Simulation and experimental results of several excitation methods are presented. Furthermore, the discussion regarding the SPR biosensor is expanded by providing a review regarding graphene-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) biosensor to provide an overview of the development of materials in the biosensor in the future.
Highlights
Graphene, the mother of all carbon materials, has opened a new era in technological development because of its unique properties
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms with a 2D hexagonal crystal lattice and is the thinnest and strongest material that has existed to date [1]
The increase in the Raman signal in this technique occurs due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), which is when the laser excitation energy is close the surface plasmon energy of the metal substrate
Summary
The mother of all carbon materials, has opened a new era in technological development because of its unique properties. Islam et al reported that for the angle investigation mode, the SPR structure has the best sensitivity with a gold metal with a thickness of 50 nm [9]. The development diweight and extremely diluted concentrations [12] At this molecular weight and concenrection of the SPR biosensor is increasing the sensitivity to reach this limit. The discussion was started by presenting a brief theory and review, including prism-based, fiber-optic-based, grating-based, nanoparticle-based, and continued by presenting the results obtained regarding the graphene-based biosensor, SERS-based SPR biosensors. These results include the sensitivity and detection accuracy obtained due to the presence of graphene in the SPR biosensor
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