A Review of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in A Tertiary Hospital in NothWestern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a range of pregnancy related disorders of complete and partial hydatidiform mole, and the malignant disorders of invasive mole, choriorcarcinoma and the rare placental-site trophoblastic tumour. Aims: The study is aimed to determine; (1) the prevalence of gestational trophoblastic tumours in Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi (2) The pattern of presentation and (3) the maternal outcome in patients with GTD managed at the Deparrtment of Obstetrics and Gynaecilogy of Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of the cases of gestational trophoblastic disease managed at the Departmenrt of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Noth-Western, Nigeria between the 1st January, 2010 and 31st of December, 2019. Results: There were 82 cases of gestational trophoblastic diseases out of 5,088 gynaecological admissions during the study period, thereby constituting 1.6% of the total gynaecological admissions. There were 16,572 deliveries; hence the incidence of GTD was 4.9 per 1000 deliveries. The age range of the patients is between 15–45years, with a mean age of 26.84 years. Of the 82-case managed during the period under review, only 74 (90.2%) of patients’ case notes were retrieved for analysis. Hydatidiform mole was the commonest among them, accounted for 56.8% of cases and 6.9% of the cases were choriocarcinoma. In 50% of cases there was no documented histological diagnosis. GTD was commoner at the extremes of reproductive age. Conclusion: The incidence of GTD in this study was 4.9 per 1000 deliveries. Vaginal bleeding was the commonest presenting symptom. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disease is a good determinant of the disease outcomes, while late presentation was associated with high maternal mortality as found in this study.