A Review of Friction Stir Welding and Processing on Aluminium Alloys

Abstract

To combine extra-strong aircraft aluminium alloys that are typically difficult to fuse using standard fusing methods of welding, a unique sustainable solid-state combining method known as Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is used. In contrast to certain other solid-state combining techniques, friction stir welding involves a third intimate contact with the tools, which creates extra interfacing areas. Ultimately, all of these areas merge under the application of heat and pressure to produce a solid-state joint. This systematic review discusses the fundamental principles of friction stir welding and processing on AA3000 series material, the creation of microstructures, the sensible processing conditions, frequent FSW flaws, as well as some application fields. Additionally, the article will cover a few FSW process variations; including friction stir processing and friction stir spot welding. The processing parameters were determined to be at their best using the Taguchi Technique (TT). The research also examined the microstructures on FSW specimens at the optimum point, welding zone hardness, and union effectiveness of the FSW joint. The efficiency and dependability of welded joints for operations in the shipbuilding industry may be shown by joint reliability. That was examined under ideal circumstances, and it turned out to be 85%.