A review of fresh and hardened properties of concrete reinforced with waste materials

Abstract

The worlds demand on aggregates in construction is rapidly increasing from last few years, reason is mainly due to drastic economic growth of the Nations like Brazil, China, and India. Basically, this growth inspires the construction development and destruction activities. This study expresses the state of art of review on research of the industrial wastes which are polluting the environment. During the process of manufacture of several proportions and grades of concrete, non-conventional materials such as foundry sand from metal forging industry and tile dust produced by the tile industries were used to replace fine aggregate partial replacement of 10% - 50%, by weight of fine aggregate. It is found that compressive strength and flexural strength were increased up to 20% replacement of used foundry sand and 10% replacement of tiles dust with natural sand. Since the thickness of pavement slab is reduced, the cost of pavement construction is reduced almost 15% and 22% respectively for both type of alternative concrete mixes. Reuse of waste materials as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete helps to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable development. Quarry dust is a flowable material used for ecofriendly waste for where the grade of conventional concrete is prepared. The mix of nano silica and GGBS with concrete (50 % GGBS, 46% OPC, and 4 % Nano Silica). The effects of reactive silicate and process variables like sodium content and molarity on the alkaline activation of various Nano clays and GGBS are investigated. Considering all the properties and materials partial substitution of 40% copper slag with fine aggregate is nearly equal to the strength of the conventional concrete. Among all other findings foundry sand and quarry dust of 20% and 10% proportions are used as a substitutional material in concrete got achieved adaptable strengths. In porous dam structures bentonite with high water cement ratio with aggregates produces flexible material used as a permeable layer.