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Abstract
Melanoma is an increasingly pervasive form of malignant skin cancer. Cases of cutaneous melanoma are on the rise across ages and global populations, with incidence increasing significantly for both men and women. Accordingly, the identification of modifiable behaviors is of paramount concern. Previous reviews have focused on specific risk factors (e.g. UVR, pollution, diet, hormonal supplementation) to the near exclusion of other contributory factors. This review strives to report an inclusive range of exogenous variables linked to cutaneous melanoma incidence. In this review, we examine the various contributions of exogenous factors linked to the induction of cutaneous melanoma. Factors for consideration include but are not limited to: long-wave Ultraviolet A (UVA), short-wave Ultraviolet B (UVB), hormonal supplementation, diet, smoking, alcohol, vitamin supplementation, ionizing radiation, pollution, and chemical exposure.
Highlights
Melanoma is an increasingly pervasive form of malignant skin cancer
Findings regarding the impact of Hormonal Replacement Therapies (HRTs) on the incidence and induction of cutaneous melanoma report similar findings.[59]
HRTs do not appear to be strongly implicated in the induction of cutaneous melanoma.[64]
Summary
Melanoma is an increasingly pervasive form of malignant skin cancer. Cases of cutaneous melanoma are on the rise across ages and global populations, with incidence increasing 1.6% and 1.5% per annum for men and women respectively –– the single largest increase in “common cancers” among men, and the leading malignancy among women.[1]. While this review addressed PAHs, PCBs, Maneb, Toxaphene, Carbaryl, and Parathion there exist a panoply of other candidates for consideration that may, too, play a role in melanomagenesis
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