Abstract
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) induces calcium and phosphate precipitation to form hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and the biomass grows synchronously with the crystals to form anammox-HAP (A-HAP) multi-layer granules. The enhanced granule has excellent mechanical strength and settleability, making its related processes the promising technologies for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery. In order to comprehensively understand and digest the application of inorganic precipitation assisted microbial technology in wastewater treatment, the structure, granulation mechanism and advantages of such multi-layer granules are firstly introduced in this paper. Secondly, in this paper, the existing A-HAP based processes put into practice are summarized and their superiority in treating wastewater is systematically reviewed. Thirdly, the three main stable operating conditions of inorganic carbon (IC), phosphorus concentration and Ca/P ratio are presented for better application of the processes. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research and practical applications are provided.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
