Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases that affect the brain and the central autonomic nervous systems. These disorders take a huge toll on an individual's health and general well-being. After cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders are the main cause of death. These disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, cerebrovascular diseases including stroke, migraine, Parkinson’s disease and numerous other disorders. This manuscript presents a state-of-the-art consolidated review of research on the diagnosis of the three most common neurological disorders using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals with machine learning techniques. The disorders discussed in this manuscript are the more prevalent disorders like epilepsy, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Alzheimer’s disease. This manuscript helps in understanding the details about EEG signal processing for diagnosis and analysis of neurological disorders along with a discussion of the datasets, limitations, results and research scope of the various techniques.
Highlights
It has been analyzed in various studies that neurological disorders are growing at a high rate
This study demonstrated that EEG characteristics could be used for diagnosis of neurological disorders, but we found several limitations and issues
EEG signals are used as an authentic indicator which allows observing mental states and diseases related to the brain
Summary
It has been analyzed in various studies that neurological disorders are growing at a high rate. According to the WHO, at some point in their lives, one out of four people in the world would have neurological disorders [1]. Neurological disorders are the world’s second most prevalent diseases, following ischemic heart disease [1, 2]. Neurological disorders affect the brain as well as the nervous system of the human body [3]. The specific causes of the disorder can vary significantly depending upon the type of disorder as well as the specific area of the body that is affected. The causes may be due to genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities, infection, brain injury, etc. There are many known, relatively common neurological disorders but many are rare. Neurological disabilities include a wide range of disorders such as epilepsy, learning disabilities, neuromuscular disorders, autism, Alzheimer’s disorder, ADHD, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, sleep disorder, and cerebral palsy
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