Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common eye diseases and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Its symptoms cause a long-term decline in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). Inconsistencies often occur between the clinical findings and the subjective symptoms of DED. Therefore, a holistic, balanced, and quantitative evaluation of the subjective symptoms and HRQL using patient-reported outcome questionnaires, in addition to clinical findings, is crucial for accurate DED assessment in patients. This paper reviewed the characteristics of current dry eye questionnaires, including their objectives, number of questions, inclusion of HRQL-related items, and whether they were properly evaluated for psychometric properties. Twenty-four questionnaires were identified; among them, the following six questionnaires that included items assessing HRQL and were properly evaluated for psychometric properties are recommended: the Ocular Surface Disease Index, Impact of Dry Eye in Everyday Life, Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-life Score, University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale, Chinese version of Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life, and 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Dry eye questionnaires have different objectives and are available in different languages. Therefore, medical practitioners should confirm the characteristics of applicable questionnaires before selecting the most appropriate ones.
Highlights
Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common eye diseases worldwide [1]; its prevalence is expected to increase even further given the increasing use of visual display terminals, increasing aging population, and highly stressful social environments [2,3,4,5]
The 24 questionnaires were categorized into six groups based on whether they included health-related quality of life (HRQL) questions, as well as their psychometric properties as follows: good results indicated by sufficient research, insufficient or poor results, or no conducted survey
The questionnaire was developed in English and is yet to be validated in other languages
Summary
Yuichi Okumura 1,2,3 , Takenori Inomata 1,2,3,4,5, * , Nanami Iwata 1 , Jaemyoung Sung 1,6 , Keiichi Fujimoto 1,3 , Kenta Fujio 1,3 , Akie Midorikawa-Inomata 5 , Maria Miura 1,3 , Yasutsugu Akasaki 1,3 and Akira Murakami 1,3,4.
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