Abstract
Double- and triple-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs and TWNTs) consist of coaxially-nested two and three single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). They act as the geometrical bridge between SWNTs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), providing an ideal model for studying the coupling interactions between different shells in MWNTs. Within this context, this article comprehensively reviews various synthetic routes of DWNTs’ and TWNTs’ production, such as arc discharge, catalytic chemical vapor deposition and thermal annealing of pea pods (i.e., SWNTs encapsulating fullerenes). Their structural features, as well as promising applications and future perspectives are also discussed.
Highlights
Introduction and MotivationBefore starting with the Introduction and definitions, it is important to keep in mind that this manuscript is intended to briefly review and discuss the recent progress on the controlled growth of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) and triple-walled carbon nanotubes (TWNTs), which are the few-walled versions of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)
The pea pod-derived method presents the following disadvantages: (1) it suffers from the limited filling ratio of fullerenes inside SWNTs, which leads to the formation of very short or disconnected inner tubes; (2) it has limited production capacity; (3) it relies upon high-cost ultra-crystalline arc-discharge-derived SWNTs to serve as host materials; and (4) the method depends on high-cost material processing techniques, as for example, the technique used to encapsulate the fullerene molecules and the high temperatures required during the thermal treatment [104,120,130,131,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,150]
[182] demonstrated that DWNTs can serve as new channels for the establishment of an emerging class of delivery systems for the transport and translocation of DNA molecules and other types of biomolecules. Their method depends on the fact that DWNTs are more robust than SWNTs as regards voltage applications, and by following this line of reasoning, we suggest that TWNTs may provide another convenient option for the further development of such delivery systems
Summary
Kazunori Fujisawa 1,2 , Hee Jou Kim 3 , Su Hyeon Go 3 , Hiroyuki Muramatsu 1 , Takuya Hayashi 1 , Morinobu Endo 1 , Thomas Ch. Hirschmann 4 , Mildred S. Dresselhaus 5 , Yoong Ahm Kim 3, * and.
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