Abstract
The dynamic nutrient availability and photon flux density of diatom habitats necessitate buffering capabilities in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This is accomplished by the biosynthesis and turnover of storage lipids, which are sequestered in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are an organelle conserved among eukaryotes, composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. LDs shield the intracellular environment from the accumulation of hydrophobic compounds and function as a carbon and electron sink. These functions are implemented by interconnections with other intracellular systems, including photosynthesis and autophagy. Since diatom lipid production may be a promising objective for biotechnological exploitation, a deeper understanding of LDs may offer targets for metabolic engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of diatom LD biology and biotechnological potential.
Highlights
lipid droplets (LDs) are an organelle composed of a core of neutral lipids, mostly triacylglycerol (TAG), surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer [1,2]
We provide an overview of diatom LD biology and biotechnological potential
Further experiments will be needed to decipher the precise relationship of autophagy with LDs in diatoms
Summary
Received: 18 December 2019; Accepted: 14 February 2020; Published: 21 February 2020
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