A Review of Current Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Abstract

A set of conditions connected to pregnancy and caused by trophoblast cells are known as gestational trophoblastic diseases. There are benign and malignant cancers, including invasive moles, choriocarcinomas, placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETT). These cancers are classified as gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN), which are less common but more serious. Most often, monitoring serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with histological confirmation is used to diagnose GTN. As a differential diagnosis, certain tissue biomarkers have grown in popularity. This has produced more accurate results and various treatment regimens and prognoses for each GTN. The World Health Organization's prognostic score system and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics anatomical staging system are the foundations for the treatment. Suppose the proper diagnosis is made and the instructions are followed. In that case, choriocarcinoma and invasive mole cases can be cured in 98 percent of instances, whereas PSTT and ETT still have only moderate success rates. The increased understanding of GTN and its characteristics enables medical professionals to rapidly make a differential diagnosis and select the appropriate treatment option, thus improving the overall survival of affected women. Nevertheless, epidemiological data collection and knowledge advancement through basic and translational research are crucial to address issues regarding GTN pathophysiology, their origins, and cellular behaviour.