Abstract
BackgroundIn the context of a public health physical fitness (PF) examination in adolescence, a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ) are two vertical jump (VJ) tests widely used to evaluate lower limb muscle strength and power, respectively. The main criticism of both the CMJ and SJ test is the lack of test standardization. Therefore, the objectives of this review are: (a) to gather information about both jumps; (b) to investigate whether it is possible to identify common procedures referred to in the CMJ and SJ technical execution, and (c) to design standard operating procedures (SOPs) to promote CMJ and SJ standardization in an adolescent population aged 12–18 years.MethodsThe review partially adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). Due to growing attention in monitoring physical health through field tests in recent years, articles were collected using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2009 to July 2019. Original articles in which CMJ or SJ were used to assess the muscular strength in adolescents were eligible for further analysis. Articles written in English was imposed as a limit.ResultsA total of 117 studies met the inclusion criteria. The description of the CMJ and SJ test procedures was different within the literature, with discrepancies in the jump technique, number of jumps, and measurement devices used.ConclusionsA lack of method standardization for both the CMJ and the SJ test was identified. Based on the literature, SOPs for both VJs were proposed. These are useful in the context of public health PF examination in adolescents, as they facilitate an unbiased comparison of jump performance data between published studies.
Highlights
Muscular strength and power, cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, and flexibility are health-related attributes of physical fitness (PF) (Caspersen et al, 1985) and are considered key health status markers in humans (Catley and Tomkinson, 2013)
Some field tests are subject to a standardized testing procedure, for example, the Cooper test (Cooper, 1968); the 20-m Shuttle Run Test (Leger and Lambert, 1982), or the sitand-reach test (Wells and Evelyn, 1952)
To date the vertical jump (VJ) test does not consist of such standardized testing procedures
Summary
Cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, and flexibility are health-related attributes of physical fitness (PF) (Caspersen et al, 1985) and are considered key health status markers in humans (Catley and Tomkinson, 2013). To prevent pathologies and diseases that occur during adulthood, monitoring PF during adolescence is, important (Ortega et al, 2008b) In this context, the identification of children who are not developing healthy fitness habits using valid, reliable and feasible measurement tools is essential (Davis et al, 2008; Faigenbaum et al, 2011; Garber et al, 2011). Physical fitness can be objectively and accurately measured through laboratory and field tests (Cooper, 1968; Astrand, 1976; Boone et al, 1978; Leger and Lambert, 1982; Inbar et al, 1996; Mayorga-Vega et al, 2014). The objectives of this review are: (a) to gather information about both jumps; (b) to investigate whether it is possible to identify common procedures referred to in the CMJ and SJ technical execution, and (c) to design standard operating procedures (SOPs) to promote CMJ and SJ standardization in an adolescent population aged 12–18 years
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