Abstract
There has been increasing interest in recent years in the use of agro-based raw materials for the production of bio-friendly and sustainable products. Plant-based proteins are among the popular materials being studied. In particular, cottonseed protein (a byproduct of cotton fiber production) is widely available and has useful properties. Although not as well-known as soy protein, cottonseed protein has been shown to be a potentially valuable raw material for numerous applications. In this review, the latest developments in isolation, composition and molecular weight, chemical and enzymatic modifications, and non-food applications are delineated. Among these applications, films and coatings, interfacial and emulsifying applications, adhesives, and bioplastics seem to attract the most attention. A particular effort has been made to cover the literature on these topics in the past 10 years.
Highlights
Cotton is a major industrial plant with about 28 × 109 kg or 124 million bales produced annually [1], accounting for 2.3% of the world’s arable land [2]
This paper provides a review of selected research, development and applications of cottonseed protein with a particular emphasis on the publications that appeared in the past 10 years
This allowed the cottonseed protein concentrate to be used in foods
Summary
Cotton is a major industrial plant with about 28 × 109 kg or 124 million bales produced annually [1], accounting for 2.3% of the world’s arable land [2]. Cottonseeds are typically covered by cotton fibers, which are “ginned” and used to make staple cotton and textile products. For every 100 kg fiber ginned there are 150 kg of cottonseed produced (Figure 1). The cottonseed comprises cotton linters grown from its outer cover, the hull (seed coat), and the kernel. The seed consists of approximately 16% oil, 45% meal, 25% hull, and 8% linters [3]. The kernel is pressed or extracted to produce cottonseed oil, which is commercially significant; it is currently ranked sixth among the world’s edible oils [10]. The leftover material (meal) is used mostly as an energy and protein source for domestic animals and fish [11,12,13].
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