Abstract

This paper reviews various faults that exist in large solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The faults are reviewed in their various classes based on the location and structure. Conventional solutions for fault detection and various research work in PV system monitoring and fault detection are reviewed. It is obvious that PV module level monitoring exhibit advantages over array or string monitoring. Therefore, the paper proposes the use of Long Range (LoRa) Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for PV module level monitoring and fault diagnosis. LoRa was proposed for this application due to the advantages it has over other wireless technologies which include long range of data transfer, low cost, low power consumption and multi sensor connection capabilities.

Highlights

  • This paper reviews various faults that exist in large solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems

  • This paper proposes to apply the Long Range (LoRa) Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for this purpose

  • LoRa Wireless Sensor Network was proposed as an effective solution for the development of a low-cost PV module level monitoring and fault diagnosis

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Summary

INTRODUCTION1

Energy demand is constantly on the rise due to increase in industrial activities, socio-economic activities, and lifestyles This has made research into green energy a necessity. Solar energy no doubt is a very important source of renewable energy Since they are installed in outdoor environment, with exposure to harsh climatic and environmental conditions, the optimal performance of the solar system may be reduced. In [1], it was reported that an annual power loss due to fault is about 18.9% To address these faults, a complete knowledge of meteorological data is essential, constant monitoring of solar modules is crucial. In [3], the authors mentioned that diagnosis method can be based on characteristics curve deviation analysis This involves a comparison between the experimental measurements and model-based data of the PV system

COMMON FAULTS AND FAILURES IN PV SYSTEMS
Arc Faults and Line to Line Faults
Open Circuit Faults and Mismatch Faults
REVIEW OF EXISTING PV SYSTEM FAULT DETECTION TECHNIQUES
Independent Meteorological Data Collection Technique
Comparing the Actual Output and Simulated Output of the PV system
Analyzing the power losses
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks
Infrared or Thermal Imaging
PV MODULE LEVEL MONITORING AND FAULT DETECTION
LoRaWAN Architecture
Physical layer of LoRaWAN
Advantages of LoRaWAN in PV module Level Monitoring
Findings
CONCLUSION
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