Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming the forerunners of vehicle technology. First electric vehicles were overlooked because of not having adequate battery capacity and because of low efficiency of their electric motors. Developing semiconductor and battery technologies increased the interest in the EVs. Nevertheless, current batteries still have insufficient capacity. As a result of this, vehicles must be recharged at short distances (approximately 150 km). Due to scheduled departure and arrival times EVs appear to be more suitable for city buses rather than regular automobiles. Thanks to correct charging technology and the availability of renewable energy for electric buses, the cities have less noise and CO2 emissions. The energy consumption of internal combustion engines is higher than of the electric motors. In this paper, studies on the commercial electric vehicle charging methods will be reviewed and the plug-in charging processes will be described in detail. This study strives to answer the questions of how plug-in charging process communication has performed between the EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE).
Highlights
In recent years, the revelation that emission gas rates of the diesel motors have been changed by software, disobeying the Kyoto protocols [1], has increased the interest in electric vehicles
If the Power Line Communication (PLC) signal is transmitted over the power line, noise can be observed in the frequency band, because the power line is connected to the electronic equipment inside the Electric Vehicles (EVs) (Battery Management System, Inverter, DC/DC converter) [28]
This study focuses on the methods of charging electric buses
Summary
The revelation that emission gas rates of the diesel motors have been changed by software, disobeying the Kyoto protocols [1], has increased the interest in electric vehicles. It is estimated that the existing oil resources can only be used for 50 more years if consumed at the current consumption rates [3]. The dependence on fossil fuels can be reduced by EVs, decreasing the impact of transportation emissions on the climate change. EVs are more energy-efficient than ICE vehicles. It is forecast that the sale of EVs will increase in the coming years. EVs do not use fossil fuels for charging batteries, but power plants might use fossil fuels for generating electricity for those batteries. For charging electric vehicles IEC 15118 standard has been developed [8]. The standard is mainly focused on the plug-in charging process
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