Abstract
Climate change is a major constraint to the progress of Africa’s agriculture, food, and nutrition security; its effect is tied to geographical position and driven by the limited adaptive capacity of the agricultural households. The most vulnerable stakeholder group are the smallholder farming households with limited resources and knowledge of adaptation and mitigation techniques. Sub-Saharan Africa owns more than 60% of the world’s arable land with over 85% of the farmers being smallholder farmers, who are predisposed to various risks. This paper analyzes the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) processes and technologies by smallholder farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study used mixed methods and an integrative literature review. This review indicated that the knowledge of CSA technologies by smallholder farmers in Africa is increasing and, thus, concerted efforts to continuously generate CSA technology would contribute to the desired positive outcome. To accelerate the pace of adoption and use of the technologies, the linkage of farmers, researchers, and extension practitioners is needed. Measures should also be put in place to ensure that CSA actions are implemented using bottom-up approaches.
Highlights
Roberto Mancinelli and Across the globe, climate change is rapidly affecting every aspect of life, and the agricultural system is the most affected [1]
The impacts of climate change posed a significant challenge to global food and nutrition security, and this is projected to worsen over the coming years due to livelihood pressures, such as a rise in population, economic development, urbanization, and the frequent occurrences of natural hazards, such as extreme temperatures, droughts, and floods, among others [33]
This review indicated that the research results that were presented at the Biennial
Summary
Roberto Mancinelli and Across the globe, climate change is rapidly affecting every aspect of life, and the agricultural system is the most affected [1]. There is a rise in sea levels, and heavy rains, hailstorms, and droughts have occurred in different locations within SSA in the past decade [2]. This has adversely affected the agricultural sector, it has shifted the farming trends and patterns, and caused the number of emigrants from the Sub-Saharan Africa countries to grow by 50% or more over the years 2010 and 2017 [3]. This suggests that the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) one and two (no poverty and zero hunger) may not be actualized on the continent, despite the efforts at different levels to end poverty and increase food and nutritional security globally
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